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Products Description
C276 Introduction
C276 Introduction
Super alloys or high performance alloys are available in a variety of shapes and contain elements in different combinations to obtain a specific result. These alloys are of three types that include iron-based, cobalt-based and nickel-based alloys. The nickel-based and cobalt-based super alloys are available as cast or wrought based alloys according to composition and application.Super alloys have good oxidation and creep resistance and can be strengthened by precipitation hardening, solid-solution hardening and work hardening methods. They can also function under high mechanical stress and high temperatures and also in places that require high surface stability.
HASTELLOY(r) C276 is a wrought corrosion-resistant alloy that resists the development of grain boundary precipitates that degrade corrosion resistance.
HASTELLOY(r) C276 is a wrought corrosion-resistant alloy that resists the development of grain boundary precipitates that degrade corrosion resistance.
Butt Welding Concentric & Eccentric Reducers Introduction
Butt Welding Concentric & Eccentric Reducers Introduction
Butt Welding Concentric and Eccentric Reducers are essential industrial pipe fittings used to connect two pipes of different diameters. Installed by butt welding, they facilitate a smooth cross-sectional transition for fluid flow while maintaining the structural and pressure integrity of the piping network
1. Geometric Profiles & Direct Comparison
The primary distinction between the two types lies in their geometric alignment, which dictates their specific roles in a piping layout: Fitting TypeGeometric ProfileStructural CharacteristicsPrimary Layout OrientationConcentric ReducerSymmetrical ConeBoth the large and small ends share the exact same centerline.Vertical LinesEccentric ReducerAsymmetrical ProfileThe two ends have offset centerlines. One side remains completely flat (flat side), while the other slopes.Horizontal Lines
2. Engineering Selection Logic (When & Why to Use Each)
A. Eccentric Reducers: Solving Fluid & Gas Accumulation In horizontal piping runs, the choice of orientation for an eccentric reducer is critical to the safety and efficiency of the system:
* Flat-on-Top (FOT): This orientation is universally mandatory for centrifugal pump suction lines. * Why: If a concentric reducer were used horizontally, an air pocket would form at the top dead space. This trapped air can be drawn into the pump, causing cavitation, which severely damages the impeller and disrupts flow. The FOT profile ensures that any vapor pockets migrate smoothly out of the suction line.
* Flat-on-Bottom (FOB): This orientation is standard for general process lines routed along pipe racks. * Why: Keeping the bottom of the pipeline perfectly level allows it to sit uniformly on the horizontal pipe supports (beams). Additionally, it prevents liquid from pooling at the low points during shutdowns, making line drainage and cleaning straightforward.
B. Concentric Reducers: Managing Vertical Flow
* Concentric reducers are the default choice for all vertical piping runs (e.g., vertical risers).
* Because the transition is perfectly symmetrical, gravity acts evenly on the fluid, minimizing erratic turbulence and
eliminating unbalanced lateral stresses on the vertical pipe supports.
3. Material Grades and Specifications Industrial reducers are manufactured from various alloys tailored to specific operating media, pressures, and temperatures:
* Carbon Steel Reducers: * Predominantly specified for oil, gas, steam, and utility distribution networks.
* Fittings such as Ferguson Carbon Steel Weld Reducers strictly comply with ASME B16.9 (dimensions) and ASTM A234 WPB (material class) for high-yield reliability
* Stainless Steel Reducers: * Selected for aggressive chemical environments, high-temperature service, or cryogenic applications. Common grades include 304/304L and 316/316L.
* BuyFittingsOnline Schedule 40 Stainless Steel Reducers represent standard industrial stock engineered under the ASTM A403 specification
* Sanitary Grade Reducers: * Tailored for food, beverage, dairy, and biopharmaceutical Clean-in-Place (CIP) architectures.
* Options like the Duva Sanitary Polished Butt Weld Concentric Reducer feature internal surfaces polished down to fine mirror finishes (3-A Sanitary Standards) to prevent bacterial adhesion and batch contamination [6].
4. Manufacturing & Processing Overview
The fabrication of reducers requires precise metal-forming techniques to prevent wall thinning during the reduction process:
1. Seamless Cold/Hot Forming: A seamless steel pipe blank is placed into a hydraulic press. A taper die forces one end inward (Reducing/Swaging) or expands it outward (Expanding). Hot forming is preferred for heavy wall thicknesses to reduce residual mechanical stress.
2. Welded Plate Stamping: For large-diameter pipelines, reducers are stamped out as two separate symmetrical halves from steel plates, aligned, and welded along two longitudinal seams. These seams undergo 100% Radiographic Testing (RT) to ensure full penetration.
3. End Beveling: Both the large and small open ends are precision-machined on a lathe to form standard 37.5° welding bevels (with a 1.6mm root face). This preparation ensures proper weld bead penetration when joining pipes of different schedules in the field.
1. Geometric Profiles & Direct Comparison
The primary distinction between the two types lies in their geometric alignment, which dictates their specific roles in a piping layout: Fitting TypeGeometric ProfileStructural CharacteristicsPrimary Layout OrientationConcentric ReducerSymmetrical ConeBoth the large and small ends share the exact same centerline.Vertical LinesEccentric ReducerAsymmetrical ProfileThe two ends have offset centerlines. One side remains completely flat (flat side), while the other slopes.Horizontal Lines
2. Engineering Selection Logic (When & Why to Use Each)
A. Eccentric Reducers: Solving Fluid & Gas Accumulation In horizontal piping runs, the choice of orientation for an eccentric reducer is critical to the safety and efficiency of the system:
* Flat-on-Top (FOT): This orientation is universally mandatory for centrifugal pump suction lines. * Why: If a concentric reducer were used horizontally, an air pocket would form at the top dead space. This trapped air can be drawn into the pump, causing cavitation, which severely damages the impeller and disrupts flow. The FOT profile ensures that any vapor pockets migrate smoothly out of the suction line.
* Flat-on-Bottom (FOB): This orientation is standard for general process lines routed along pipe racks. * Why: Keeping the bottom of the pipeline perfectly level allows it to sit uniformly on the horizontal pipe supports (beams). Additionally, it prevents liquid from pooling at the low points during shutdowns, making line drainage and cleaning straightforward.
B. Concentric Reducers: Managing Vertical Flow
* Concentric reducers are the default choice for all vertical piping runs (e.g., vertical risers).
* Because the transition is perfectly symmetrical, gravity acts evenly on the fluid, minimizing erratic turbulence and
eliminating unbalanced lateral stresses on the vertical pipe supports.
3. Material Grades and Specifications Industrial reducers are manufactured from various alloys tailored to specific operating media, pressures, and temperatures:
* Carbon Steel Reducers: * Predominantly specified for oil, gas, steam, and utility distribution networks.
* Fittings such as Ferguson Carbon Steel Weld Reducers strictly comply with ASME B16.9 (dimensions) and ASTM A234 WPB (material class) for high-yield reliability
* Stainless Steel Reducers: * Selected for aggressive chemical environments, high-temperature service, or cryogenic applications. Common grades include 304/304L and 316/316L.
* BuyFittingsOnline Schedule 40 Stainless Steel Reducers represent standard industrial stock engineered under the ASTM A403 specification
* Sanitary Grade Reducers: * Tailored for food, beverage, dairy, and biopharmaceutical Clean-in-Place (CIP) architectures.
* Options like the Duva Sanitary Polished Butt Weld Concentric Reducer feature internal surfaces polished down to fine mirror finishes (3-A Sanitary Standards) to prevent bacterial adhesion and batch contamination [6].
4. Manufacturing & Processing Overview
The fabrication of reducers requires precise metal-forming techniques to prevent wall thinning during the reduction process:
1. Seamless Cold/Hot Forming: A seamless steel pipe blank is placed into a hydraulic press. A taper die forces one end inward (Reducing/Swaging) or expands it outward (Expanding). Hot forming is preferred for heavy wall thicknesses to reduce residual mechanical stress.
2. Welded Plate Stamping: For large-diameter pipelines, reducers are stamped out as two separate symmetrical halves from steel plates, aligned, and welded along two longitudinal seams. These seams undergo 100% Radiographic Testing (RT) to ensure full penetration.
3. End Beveling: Both the large and small open ends are precision-machined on a lathe to form standard 37.5° welding bevels (with a 1.6mm root face). This preparation ensures proper weld bead penetration when joining pipes of different schedules in the field.
C276 BUTT WELDING Concentric & Eccentric Reducers Drawing
C276 Chemical composition and mechanical properties
Factory and Product Pictures
Butt Welding Concentric & Eccentric Reducers Factory and Product Pictures
C276 PMI spectral testing proves
Video of a customer visiting us
Product processing
Butt Welding Concentric & Eccentric Reducers Processing
1. Core Forming Technologies Depending on the raw material form (seamless pipe or steel plate) and the target size, reducers are primarily shaped using three industrial methods:
A. Reducing or Expanding Forming (The Seamless Method)
This is the primary method for manufacturing small-to-medium-sized seamless reducers.
* Reducing Forming: A seamless steel pipe blank with an outside diameter equal to the large end of the finished reducer is
selected. The blank is placed into a hydraulic press cone-shaped die (either cold or pre-heated). Axial force presses the metal inward along the tapered cavity, shrinking one end to form the small diameter. Because the metal is compressed inward, the wall thickness at the small end typically increases slightly.
* Expanding Forming: A pipe blank with an outside diameter equal to the small end of the finished reducer is used. A tapered internal mandrel or hydraulic bulging system forces one end of the pipe outward. This tension causes the wall thickness at the expanded zone to thin slightly.
* Special Tooling for Eccentric Reducers: When forming eccentric reducers, asymmetrical dies are required. During pressing, one side of the pipe blank is held completely straight to form the flat side, while the rest of the metal is forced to shrink or expand unevenly around the circumference.
B. Stamping / Plate Pressing (The Welded Method)
For large-diameter reducers (typically 24 inches and above) or ultra-thick walls that exceed seamless pipe manufacturing
capacities, steel plates are used.
* Blanking & Heating: A steel plate is cut into a precise fan shape (for concentric) or an asymmetrical layout (for eccentric).
* Half-Body Stamping: A heavy-duty hydraulic press stamps the plate using matching male and female dies to create two symmetrical half-shell segments.
* Assembly & Longitudinal Welding: The two halves are aligned, clamped, and joined along two longitudinal seams using automatic Submerged Arc Welding (SAW).
C. Mandrel Hot-Push Forming
Some high-quality concentric reducers are manufactured using a hot-push technique similar to elbow production. A pipe blank is pushed over a conical mandrel while being heated by an induction coil, allowing the pipe to expand uniformly and continuously into a tapered reducer.
2. Step-by-Step Production Line
Once the raw shape is formed, it must guide through several finishing stages to achieve full compliance with international
standards such as ASME B16.9:
1. Trimming and Sizing: * Freshly pressed reducers have uneven edges and misaligned faces at both openings.
* The reducer is secured onto a specialized lathe or trimming machine to cut away excess material. This ensures that both the large and small faces are perfectly perpendicular to the pipe centerline and that the straight section length matches design requirements.
2. Precision End Beveling: * Because these are butt welding fittings, both the large and small rims must be machined into specific weld bevels.
* Dedicated pipe-fitting beveling machines cut a 37.5° (±2.5°) bevel with a 1.6mm root face (land) on both ends. Since
reducers bridge two pipes of different schedules, the bevel depths at the large and small ends must be machined separately to match their respective connecting pipe thicknesses.
3. Heat Treatment: * The severe stretching and compression during forming induce major residual mechanical stresses.
* Carbon steel reducers undergo Normalizing to refine the metal's grain structure. Stainless steel reducers receive Solution Annealing (heated to roughly 1040°C followed by rapid cooling) to restore maximum intergranular corrosion resistance.
4. Surface Finishing and Protection: * Carbon Steel: Shot blasting or sandblasting removes the black oxide scale generated during heat treatment, followed by a coat of rust-preventative black paint or oil coating.
* Stainless Steel: The fittings undergo acid pickling and passivation to strip surface impurities and restore the protective
chromium-oxide layer.
3. Inspection & Quality Control (QC)
* Wall Thickness Verification: Since metal stretches or compresses unevenly across the taper, quality inspectors use ultrasonic thickness gauges to thoroughly test the cone transition area and the sloped side of eccentric reducers to verify they meet the minimum thickness threshold.
* Alignment & Offset Measurement: * For concentric reducers, the coaxiality (alignment) of the two end centerlines is verified.
* For eccentric reducers, the offset distance from the flat side to the small end centerline is precisely measured to ensure it falls within standard dimensional tolerances specified by ASME B16.9.
* Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): For plate-stamped welded reducers, the two longitudinal weld seams must pass 100% Radiographic Testing (RT) or Ultrasonic Testing (UT) to guarantee a complete absence of internal cracks, gas pockets, or lack of penetration.
A. Reducing or Expanding Forming (The Seamless Method)
This is the primary method for manufacturing small-to-medium-sized seamless reducers.
* Reducing Forming: A seamless steel pipe blank with an outside diameter equal to the large end of the finished reducer is
selected. The blank is placed into a hydraulic press cone-shaped die (either cold or pre-heated). Axial force presses the metal inward along the tapered cavity, shrinking one end to form the small diameter. Because the metal is compressed inward, the wall thickness at the small end typically increases slightly.
* Expanding Forming: A pipe blank with an outside diameter equal to the small end of the finished reducer is used. A tapered internal mandrel or hydraulic bulging system forces one end of the pipe outward. This tension causes the wall thickness at the expanded zone to thin slightly.
* Special Tooling for Eccentric Reducers: When forming eccentric reducers, asymmetrical dies are required. During pressing, one side of the pipe blank is held completely straight to form the flat side, while the rest of the metal is forced to shrink or expand unevenly around the circumference.
B. Stamping / Plate Pressing (The Welded Method)
For large-diameter reducers (typically 24 inches and above) or ultra-thick walls that exceed seamless pipe manufacturing
capacities, steel plates are used.
* Blanking & Heating: A steel plate is cut into a precise fan shape (for concentric) or an asymmetrical layout (for eccentric).
* Half-Body Stamping: A heavy-duty hydraulic press stamps the plate using matching male and female dies to create two symmetrical half-shell segments.
* Assembly & Longitudinal Welding: The two halves are aligned, clamped, and joined along two longitudinal seams using automatic Submerged Arc Welding (SAW).
C. Mandrel Hot-Push Forming
Some high-quality concentric reducers are manufactured using a hot-push technique similar to elbow production. A pipe blank is pushed over a conical mandrel while being heated by an induction coil, allowing the pipe to expand uniformly and continuously into a tapered reducer.
2. Step-by-Step Production Line
Once the raw shape is formed, it must guide through several finishing stages to achieve full compliance with international
standards such as ASME B16.9:
1. Trimming and Sizing: * Freshly pressed reducers have uneven edges and misaligned faces at both openings.
* The reducer is secured onto a specialized lathe or trimming machine to cut away excess material. This ensures that both the large and small faces are perfectly perpendicular to the pipe centerline and that the straight section length matches design requirements.
2. Precision End Beveling: * Because these are butt welding fittings, both the large and small rims must be machined into specific weld bevels.
* Dedicated pipe-fitting beveling machines cut a 37.5° (±2.5°) bevel with a 1.6mm root face (land) on both ends. Since
reducers bridge two pipes of different schedules, the bevel depths at the large and small ends must be machined separately to match their respective connecting pipe thicknesses.
3. Heat Treatment: * The severe stretching and compression during forming induce major residual mechanical stresses.
* Carbon steel reducers undergo Normalizing to refine the metal's grain structure. Stainless steel reducers receive Solution Annealing (heated to roughly 1040°C followed by rapid cooling) to restore maximum intergranular corrosion resistance.
4. Surface Finishing and Protection: * Carbon Steel: Shot blasting or sandblasting removes the black oxide scale generated during heat treatment, followed by a coat of rust-preventative black paint or oil coating.
* Stainless Steel: The fittings undergo acid pickling and passivation to strip surface impurities and restore the protective
chromium-oxide layer.
3. Inspection & Quality Control (QC)
* Wall Thickness Verification: Since metal stretches or compresses unevenly across the taper, quality inspectors use ultrasonic thickness gauges to thoroughly test the cone transition area and the sloped side of eccentric reducers to verify they meet the minimum thickness threshold.
* Alignment & Offset Measurement: * For concentric reducers, the coaxiality (alignment) of the two end centerlines is verified.
* For eccentric reducers, the offset distance from the flat side to the small end centerline is precisely measured to ensure it falls within standard dimensional tolerances specified by ASME B16.9.
* Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): For plate-stamped welded reducers, the two longitudinal weld seams must pass 100% Radiographic Testing (RT) or Ultrasonic Testing (UT) to guarantee a complete absence of internal cracks, gas pockets, or lack of penetration.
Our NXF GROUP advantage as follow:
Our NXF GROUP advantage as follow:
1.Our NXF GROUP have our own factory, and we can control the cost by producing by ourselves. We have a great advantage in price and can give you the lowest price based on best quality.
2.Our NXF GROUP can strictly control the quality. We have production, quality inspection, warehousing and other departments to coordinate and control the quality,Such as PMI and size testing.
3.Our NXF GROUP biggest advantage is 3S service. Small quantity, short time, special materials.
4.Our NXF GROUP have excellent quality certificate system and trademark certificate
5.Our NXF GROUP have a comprehensive after-sales service guarantee, such as the transaction guarantee provided by Alibaba International Station, as well as remote technical guidance and services.
6.Our NXF GROUP have a well-established logistics support system that can save you both time and money, providing you with a one-stop service.
2.Our NXF GROUP can strictly control the quality. We have production, quality inspection, warehousing and other departments to coordinate and control the quality,Such as PMI and size testing.
3.Our NXF GROUP biggest advantage is 3S service. Small quantity, short time, special materials.
4.Our NXF GROUP have excellent quality certificate system and trademark certificate
5.Our NXF GROUP have a comprehensive after-sales service guarantee, such as the transaction guarantee provided by Alibaba International Station, as well as remote technical guidance and services.
6.Our NXF GROUP have a well-established logistics support system that can save you both time and money, providing you with a one-stop service.
Packing & Delivery
Company Profile
New XiFei (SuZhou) Business Co.,Ltd is one of the leading and most respected manufacturers in China. Our products include metals,machinery, containers, construction materials, mechanical products, electrical systems, and medical accessories.Established in1980, XIFEI has been working diligently ever since to embrace the needs of our global customer base.We work to ensure absolute customer satisfaction. Our team has dedicated itself to perfecting our three core components, "Service, Management and Craftsmanship."
Our advantage:3S Service(Small Quantity/Short Time/Special Material)
Certifications
Butt Welding Elbow Certifications
FAQ
1. who are we?
We are based in Jiangsu, China, start from 2021,sell to South Asia(30.00%),Eastern Asia(10.00%),Mid East(10.00%),Eastern Europe(10.00%),South America(10.00%),Domestic Market(5.00%),North America(5.00%),Northern Europe(5.00%),Central America(5.00%),Africa(5.00%),Southeast Asia(5.00%). There are total about 101-200 people in our office.
2. how can we guarantee quality?
Always a pre-production sample before mass production;
Always final Inspection before shipment;
3.what can you buy from us?
Pipe,Flange,Steel plate,Pipe fittings,Alloy products
4. why should you buy from us not from other suppliers?
Our advantage:3S Service (Small Quantity/Short Time/Special Material) We have our own factories, quality can be controlled seriously. We Specialize in manufacturing about 21 years. We have professional testing department and testing equipment.
5. what services can we provide?
Accepted Delivery Terms: FOB,CFR,CIF,EXW,FCA；
Accepted Payment Currency:USD,EUR,CAD,HKD,CNY;
Accepted Payment Type: T/T,L/C,D/P D/A;
Language Spoken:English,Chinese
6. Are you trading company or manufacturer ?
We are manufacturer.
7. How long is your delivery time?
Generally it is 5-10 days if the goods are in stock. or it is 15-20 days if the goods are not in stock, it is according to
quantity.
8. Do you provide samples ? is it free or extra ?
Yes, we could offer the sample for free charge but need pay the cost of freight.
9. What is your terms of payment ?
Payment<=1000USD, 100% in advance. Payment>=1000USD, 50% T/T in advance ,balance before shippment.
We are based in Jiangsu, China, start from 2021,sell to South Asia(30.00%),Eastern Asia(10.00%),Mid East(10.00%),Eastern Europe(10.00%),South America(10.00%),Domestic Market(5.00%),North America(5.00%),Northern Europe(5.00%),Central America(5.00%),Africa(5.00%),Southeast Asia(5.00%). There are total about 101-200 people in our office.
2. how can we guarantee quality?
Always a pre-production sample before mass production;
Always final Inspection before shipment;
3.what can you buy from us?
Pipe,Flange,Steel plate,Pipe fittings,Alloy products
4. why should you buy from us not from other suppliers?
Our advantage:3S Service (Small Quantity/Short Time/Special Material) We have our own factories, quality can be controlled seriously. We Specialize in manufacturing about 21 years. We have professional testing department and testing equipment.
5. what services can we provide?
Accepted Delivery Terms: FOB,CFR,CIF,EXW,FCA；
Accepted Payment Currency:USD,EUR,CAD,HKD,CNY;
Accepted Payment Type: T/T,L/C,D/P D/A;
Language Spoken:English,Chinese
6. Are you trading company or manufacturer ?
We are manufacturer.
7. How long is your delivery time?
Generally it is 5-10 days if the goods are in stock. or it is 15-20 days if the goods are not in stock, it is according to
quantity.
8. Do you provide samples ? is it free or extra ?
Yes, we could offer the sample for free charge but need pay the cost of freight.
9. What is your terms of payment ?
Payment<=1000USD, 100% in advance. Payment>=1000USD, 50% T/T in advance ,balance before shippment.