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1. Raw Material Preparation and CuttingMaterial Selection: Select carbon steel (e.g., A105), stainless steel (e.g., A182, F304/F316), or alloy steel according to requirements.Cutting: Use a saw, plasma cutter, or laser cutter to cut the steel billet into cylindrical segments of the predetermined weight.
2. Pre-Forging HeatingThe segments are placed in a heating furnace and heated to the forging temperature (usually between 1000°C and 1300°C, depending on the material) to increase the metal's plasticity.
3. Die Forging (Core Step)Die Forging: The heated metal is placed into a pre-made die, and a press or forging hammer is used to apply enormous pressure, causing it to fill the die cavity and form the rough outline of the flange.Drilling and Trimming: A central through hole is punched out and excess flash is removed.
4. Heat TreatmentNormalizing/Annealing: Eliminates internal stresses generated during forging and refines the grain size. Carbon steel typically requires normalizing (A105N) to improve low-temperature impact toughness.Quenching/Tempering: For alloy steel, quenching increases hardness, followed by tempering to balance toughness.
5. Machining (CNC)This is the most critical step determining the function of the socket flange, mainly including:Fine machining of the sealing surface: Machining the sealing grooves of the raised face (RF) or ring joint face (RTJ).Machining the socket: Precisely cutting the socket depth and diameter for insertion into the pipe. The socket diameter is typically 0.25mm larger than the pipe's outer diameter to ensure a proper weld fit.Drilling: Using a CNC drilling machine, precisely drill bolt holes according to standards (such as ASME B16.5).
6. Surface Treatment and CleaningPickling: Removing surface oxide scale.Corrosion Protection: Carbon steel flanges are typically oiled, painted, or galvanized for rust prevention.
7. Inspection and PackagingDimensional Inspection: Use calipers to verify the socket depth, outer diameter, thickness, etc.Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): Use ultrasonic or magnetic particle testing to check for internal cracks or porosity.Marking and Warehousing: Mark the pressure rating, material, dimensions, and furnace number on the outside of the flange with steel stamps.









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